TEST BANK FOR HUMAN SEXUALITY SELF, SOCIETY, AND CULTURE, 1ST EDITION, BY GILBERT HERDT, NICOLE POLEN PETIT

24 June 2021

642

TEST BANK FOR HUMAN SEXUALITY

SELF, SOCIETY, AND CULTURE, 1ST EDITION, BY GILBERT HERDT, NICOLE POLEN PETIT

1.	Sexuality has an impact on both our physical and emotional state. True False

2.	One cannot become sexually literate without having sex. True False

3.	When people are comfortable talking about sex and actual sexual relations, they use more risky behavior when having sex. True False

4.	Purpose in life weakens our belief in love and romantic relationships. True False

5.	In the beginning, sexology was all about the study of sexual diversity. True False

6.	Freud treated sex as a fundamental part of human nature and not as an underlying mental disorder. True False

7.	Masters and Johnson's research proved that the only real orgasm for women is in the vagina. True False

8.	At present, oral and anal sexual practices vary considerably between Whites, African Americans, and Hispanics. True False

9.	Sex research cuts across several scientific and social scientific disciplines. True False

10.	The study of sexuality involves biological, social, psychological, and health sciences. True False

11.	The biological and evolutionary perspectives on sexuality contradict each other. True False

12.	Qualitative research methods focus on gathering numeric information or nonnumeric information that is easily encoded into a numeric form. True False

13.	In the context of quantitative research, independent variable is the variable that is measured. True False

14.	The main advantage of case study research in sexuality is that it is easy to generalize the results to a large population. True False

15.	One of the disadvantages of face-to-face interviews is that they demand for a significant time investment. True False

16.	Internet questionnaires are losing its popularity in sex research as it is relatively very expensive. True False

17.	In the context of direct observation, reliability of data decreases with more representative samples. True False

18.	Experimental studies prevent researchers from drawing conclusions about cause and effect relationships among the variables of interest. True False

19.	PAR is a way to build and strengthen sexual well-being in communities by increasing people's understandings of each other's sexual lives. True False

20.	Human sexual rights violations can destroy sexual well-being, and possibly life itself. True False

21. has been defined as the knowledge and skills needed to promote and protect sexual well- being.

A.	Sexual chauvinism
B.	Cultural chauvinism
C.	Sexual literacy
D.	Holistic sexuality
E.	Ontogeny

22. As you develop your sexual literacy you are most likely to:

A.	have a positive attitude toward sexual chauvinism.
B.	enhance your own holistic sexuality.
C.	consider your sexual culture to be the best.
D.	realize that sexual well-being is a physical state and not a mental state.
E.	develop a negative attitude toward the gay and lesbian population.

23. Which of the following contributes toward holistic sexuality?

A.	Practicing sexual chauvinism
B.	Having healthy relationships
C.	Understanding that sexual diversity is detrimental to the society
D.	Practicing cultural chauvinism
E.	Controlling homosexual tendencies

24. In the context of sexual literacy, which of the following is true?

A.	Sexual well-being is entirely a physical state and does not affect mental health.
B.	As you develop your sexual literacy you are most likely to enhance your sexual chauvinism.
C.	It is not possible to become sexually literate without indulging in the act of having sex.
D.	The understanding that sexual diversity is detrimental to the society contributes to holistic sexuality.
E.	Learning to integrate sexuality into everyday life helps to break down some stereotypes about sexuality.

25. When people are comfortable talking about sex and actual sexual relations, they are most likely to:

A.	give into sexual aggression.
B.	indulge in unprotected sex.
C.	be respectful of sexual diversity.
D.	indulge in more risky behavior when having sex.
E.	support sexual chauvinism.

26. People who know their bodies and accept their feelings, including pleasure, generally:

A.	become victims of date rape.
B.	protect themselves better.
C.	support sexual chauvinism.
D.	indulge in unprotected sex
E.	are prone to mental disorders.

27. In the context of holistic sexuality, focus means:

A.	supporting ideas of sexual chauvinism.
B.	accepting that one's sexual culture is superior to other cultures.
C.	being present and fully alert to what one feels sexually.
D.	excluding pleasure from sexual encounters.
E.	rejecting homosexual relationships and promoting heterosexual relationships.

28. To be sexually literate means:

A.	believing in the superiority of your sexual culture.
B.	being able to repress your sexual urges.
C.	understanding that sex is for procreation and not pleasure.
D.	being able to talk freely about your sexual feelings.
E.	understanding that sexual diversity is detrimental to the society.

29. In the context of the 19th century discipline, Sexology, which of the following is true?

A.	It focused on the positive aspects of sexuality.
B.	It encouraged people to indulge in recreational sex.
C.	It encouraged premarital sex to promote sexual literacy.
D.	It treated sexuality like a disease.
E.	It focused mainly on sexual health.

30. In the context of present day sexual science, which of the following is true?

A.	It looks at the positive aspects of sexuality.
B.	It treats sexuality like a disease.
C.	It negatively influences the values of the age.
D.	It strictly disapproves of contraception.
E.	It considers homosexual relations to be abnormal.

31. A person who practices bestiality is most likely to be sexually attracted only to:

A.	dead bodies.
B.	animals.
C.	same-sex individuals.
D.	his/her mother.
E.	children.

32. Russell is sexually attracted only to dead bodies and engages in sexual intercourse with corpses. Based on the given information, we can say that Russell is a(n):

A.	homosexual.
B.	pedophiliac.
C.	necrophiliac.
D.	hemophiliac.
E.	autoandrophiliac.

33. Which of the following is a belief held by doctors in the early part of the nineteenth century?

A.	People's earliest sexual fantasies revolved around a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent.
B.	Masturbation is a sexual disease that could lead to death.
C.	Scientific study of sexuality could improve people's sexual health.
D.	They believed that female sexuality should be directed toward sexual pleasure.
E.	They considered homosexual relationships to be normal.

34. Sexuality research was built on a new approach to science in the late 1800s. It differed from earlier studies in that it:

A.	used scientific investigation to explain reality.
B.	used religious faith to promote its studies among the masses.
C.	treated sexuality like a disease.
D.	focused on the negative aspects of sex.
E.	focused on understanding sexual behavior through magic.

35. is the general idea that change occurs in all life forms over time by the process of one generation of species passing inherited characteristics on to the next.

A.	Epidemiology
B.	Retrospective bias
C.	Evolution
D.	Sexology
E.	Neuroculture

36. The term fetishism, coined by Richard von Krafft-Ebing describes the sexual attraction that some people have toward:

A.	physical objects.
B.	dead bodies.
C.	same-sex individuals.
D.	the opposite sex.
E.	animals.

37. Richard von Krafft-Ebing referred to all sexual symptoms that he considered to be abnormal as:

A.	necrophilia.
B.	fetishes.
C.	heresies.
D.	perversions.
E.	bestiality.

38. Who was the first person to use surveys to study sexual behavior in groups of people?

A.	Richard von Krafft-Ebing
B.	Magnus Hirschfeld
C.	Havelock Ellis
D.	Sigmund Freud
E.	Carl Jung

39. Freud believed that:

A.	sexuality motivated all other behaviors, including all mental distress.
B.	homosexual relations were healthy and should be encouraged.
C.	sexual chauvinism helped people to come to terms with their identity.
D.	the unconscious mind should be repressed so as to control ones abnormal sexual urges.
E.	sex could cure all forms of mental disorders.

40. Freud treated sex as a(n):

A.	indicator of a happy marriage.
B.	underlying symptom of mental disorder.
C.	measure of social progress.
D.	pleasurable activity that improves one's health.
E.	healthy practice that contributes toward holistic sexuality.

41. The study of the unconscious that focuses on the mind and "talking therapy" is referred to as:

A.	epidemiology.
B.	etymology.
C.	biostatistics.
D.	psychoanalysis.
E.	angelology.

42. Which of the following is a major drawback of Freud's methodology?

A.	He observed only adults, not children.
B.	He observed only women and not men.
C.	He observed only homosexuals.
D.	He observed only necrophiliacs.
E.	He observed only sexual chauvinists.

43. Freud's emphasis on childhood primarily led to the strong bias to think that:

A.	sexual development needs to be monitored in abnormal children.
B.	sexual development starts only after childhood.
C.	sexual development is abnormal in children.
D.	sexual development ceases after childhood.
E.	sexual development starts at adolescence.

44. As described by Freud, what are erogenous zones?

A.	They are major areas of the body that are highly sensitive to sexual stimulation.
B.	They are major areas of the body that are sexually inactive in children.
C.	They are major glands of the body that produces testosterones.
D.	They are major glands of the body that produces prolactins.
E.	They are major glands of the body that produces estrogens.

45. Which of the following is one of the positive contributions of Freud in the field of sex research?

A.	He coined the term fetishism to describe people's sexual attraction to physical objects.
B.	He stated that sexual development starts only after childhood.
C.	He discovered that men had a refractory period after ejaculation.
D.	He developed a technique to help couples deal with sexual dysfunctions.
E.	He recognized that the body has erogenous zones.

46. Biological bisexuality refers to the idea that people can be naturally attracted to:

A.	physical objects, such as boots.
B.	many people of the opposite sex.
C.	certain species of animals.
D.	human appendages like feet.
E.	members of both sexes.

47. Jamie and Veronica have been in a relationship for four years. Both Jamie and his girlfriend enjoy a very passionate and satisfactory sexual life. Jamie has sexual intercourse with Bob, Veronica's ex-boyfriend. He finds it to be equally pleasurable and satisfactory. On the basis of the given information, it would be most appropriate to say that Jamie is:

A.	a pedophiliac.
B.	a necrophiliac.
C.	a gerontophiliac.
D.	a bisexual.
E.	heterosexual.

48. What was the primary difference between the methodology used by Freud and that used by 20th

century sex researchers?

A.	The 20th century sex researchers saw sex as a disease to be treated.
B.	The 20th century sex researchers observed their patients only in laboratories.
C.	The 20th century sex researchers saw sex as a measure of social progress.
D.	The 20th century sex researchers believed that sexual development ceases after childhood.
E.	The 20th century sex researchers believed that sexual development started only after childhood.

49. Which of the following is one of the major ideas supported by the progressive sex researchers of the 20th century?

A.	They believed that sex was a disease and should be treated like any other ailment.
B.	They believed that homosexual relations were a cause of repressed childhood fantasies.
C.	They believed that marriage should be based on love between equals, not on power or arranged marriages.
D.	They believed that in the case of human beings, sexual development takes place only childhood and ceases after that.
E.	They believed that in the case of human beings, sexual development started only after childhood.

50. Bronislaw Malinowski, a physicist, had invented the method of field-work in which he used:

A.	participant-observation techniques that examined human behavior in its own cultural and linguistic context.
B.	participant-observation techniques that examined human behavior in laboratories.
C.	participant-observation techniques that examined human behavior in a set up similar to their own cultural and linguistic context.
D.	a treatment approach that primarily focused on the unconscious mind and "talking therapy".
E.	a treatment approach that primarily focused on differentiating normal and abnormal behavior in sexuality.

51. Margaret Mead, a cultural anthropologist and feminist helped to pioneer field work studies of:

A.	homosexual relationships among the tribal cultures of Australia.
B.	childhood and adolescent sexual development in various cultures.
C.	adolescent sexual development and problems in the U.S.
D.	sexual chauvinism present in different cultures of the world.
E.	sexual perverts like necrophiliacs in tribal cultures of Africa.

52. Which of the following is one of the important ideas that Margaret Mead had put forth in her book Coming of Age in Samoa?

A.	She held that biology was more important than culture in the development of sexual behavior.
B.	She held the notion that both culture and biology contribute to sexual well-being.
C.	She held that sexuality was a disease that needed to be treated like any other ailment.
D.	She held that homosexual relations were a cause of repressed childhood fantasies.
E.	She held that the tribal people were comparatively more likely to develop homosexual tendencies.

53. As the influence of physicians and clinicians declined and social and behavioral scientists began to study sexuality in the 20th century, more and more people:

A.	supported the idea that all sex was a symptom of mental disorder.
B.	supported the idea that sex should only be seen as a means of procreation.
C.	supported the idea that sexual urges needed to be cured.
D.	rejected the idea that sex can be a recreational activity.
E.	rejected the idea that sex was an expression of sin.

54. Kinsey studied the actual behaviors of large populations of normal people, including for the first time women, ethnic minorities, and homosexuals. His findings:

A.	further strengthened his belief in traditional thinking about normal versus abnormal sexual behavior.
B.	convinced him that there was a huge natural variation in sexuality in human populations, and that bisexuality was normal.
C.	convinced him that abnormal patients should be treated on a one-to-one basis so that their unconscious desires could be brought forth.
D.	further strengthened his belief that sex was a disease and needed to be cured like any other ailment.
E.	strengthened his belief that the unconscious mind should be repressed so as to control one's abnormal sexual urges.

55. What was Kinsey's view regarding bisexuality?

A.	He considered bisexuality to be normal.
B.	He considered bisexuality to be a type of perversion.
C.	He considered bisexuality to be the result of repressed fantasies.
D.	He considered bisexuality to be a curable disease.
E.	He considered bisexuality to be the result of chromosomal defect.

56. Which of the following was the major flaw in the studies conducted by Kinsey on human sexual behavior?

A.	The studies generally excluded women.
B.	The studies generally exclude bisexuals.
C.	The studies included only children and not adults.
D.	The studies generally ignored ethnic diversity.
E.	The studies included only people with sexual dysfunctions.

57. Which of the following is one of the important findings of the study conducted by Kinsey, Wardell Pomeroy, and sociologist Clyde Martin in 1937?

A.	In the U.S., females did not masturbate.
B.	In the U.S., females had homosexual relations.
C.	In the U.S., most men did not engage in premarital sex.
D.	In the U.S., sexual chauvinism was most prominent.
E.	In the U.S., men were dominated by women.

58. Who was the first woman doctor to promote contraceptives in the U.S?

A.	Margaret Mead
B.	Jane Ellen Brody
C.	Mary Calderone
D.	Simone de Beauvoir
E.	Charlotte Bunch

59. Mary Calderone and Wardell Pomeroy founded SIECUS, a group that:

A.	abolished sex preselection tests.
B.	pioneered teen sex education.
C.	revolted against the use of contraception.
D.	pioneered psychoanalytic tests.
E.	revolted against legalization of gay marriages.

60. Which of the following research methods did the Masters and Johnson team primarily use for conducting their studies on human sexual behavior?

A.	They implemented participant-observation techniques that examined human behavior in its own cultural context.
B.	They implemented a treatment approach that primarily focused on the unconscious mind and "talking therapy".
C.	They implemented a treatment approach that primarily focused on differentiating normal and abnormal behavior in sexuality.
D.	They implemented a laboratory method for the study of orgasm and sexual functioning.
E.	They implemented the scientific survey study, using a questionnaire to reveal the sexual attitudes of a large number of people.

61. The Masters and Johnson team differed from other sex researchers who came before them in that:

A.	they believed that only observed sexual behavior in the laboratory behind a two-way mirror was scientifically accurate.
B.	they showed that biology was more important than culture in the development of sexual behavior.
C.	they used a treatment approach that focused on the unconscious mind and "talking therapy".
D.	they believed that using participant-observation techniques that examine human behavior in its own cultural context was scientifically accurate.
E.	they treated sex as a symptom of an underlying mental disorder that needed to be treated.

62. Which of the following is the major criticism against Masters and Johnson studies?

A.	Their subjects mainly consisted of perverts such as homosexuals and failed to account for the heterosexual population.
B.	Their studies generally ignored ethnic diversity and did not consider that culture had a major influence on sexual life.
C.	Their subjects were heterosexuals and they generally ignored homosexuals and bisexuals.
D.	Most of their subjects were men and this made the study a lopsided one that ignored one half of the population.
E.	Most of their subjects were aware that they were being watched and changed how they engaged in sex.

63. In the technique developed by Masters and Johnson to help couples deal with sexual dysfunctions, they primarily focused on:

A.	encouraging people to repress their sexual fantasies.
B.	making people more comfortable with sex.
C.	making people aware of sexual chauvinism.
D.	bringing people closer to the unconscious mind.
E.	encouraging people to remain heterosexual.

64. Which of the following is an important discovery of the studies on human sexual behavior conducted by Masters and Johnson?

A.	During sexual intercourse, men ejaculate during the refractory phase.
B.	The only real orgasm for women is in the vagina.
C.	Women have ten prominent erogenous zones.
D.	Women generally could have multiple orgasms.
E.	Women produce eggs throughout their life.

65. In the 1980s, notion of positive sexuality was primarily challenged by:

A.	the increasing momentum of the women emancipation movement.
B.	the acquired immune deficiency syndrome pandemic.
C.	the findings of the research undertaken by Masters and Johnson.
D.	the increasing momentum of the gay rights movement.
E.	the protests made by the Planned Parenthood organization.

66. Toward the end of the 20th century, it was noticed that the percentage of the general population that engage in oral and anal sex:

A.	was lowest among White women.
B.	was lowest among White men.
C.	was highest among African Americans.
D.	remained constant throughout.
E.	continued to increase.

67. The National Health and Social Life Survey (NHSLS) differed from the study conducted by Kinsey in that:

A.	it included only homosexuals and bisexuals.
B.	it included representatives from diverse ethnic groups.
C.	it included only women.
D.	it included only heterosexual couples.
E.	it included children as well as adolescents.

68. The survey, known as the National Health and Social Life Survey (NHSLH), uncovered some very surprising things about how sexuality had changed since Kinsey's work. One of these discoveries was that:

A.	oral sex was found to be a lot less common than reported by Kinsey.
B.	occurrence of bisexuality has remained constant since the time of Kinsey.
C.	anal sex was found to be a lot less common than reported by Kinsey.
D.	use of contraceptive measures has reduced since the time of Kinsey.
E.	homosexuality occurs less frequently in the population than reported by Kinsey.

69. By mid-20th century, many of the 19th century views regarding human sexuality had changed. Which of the following is one of the popular views of the 20th century?

A.	Sexuality was influenced more by society.
B.	Sexuality was influenced more by biology.
C.	Culture had no influence over a person's sexuality.
D.	Sexuality was influenced more by nature.
E.	Religion had no influence over a person's sexuality.

70. Which of the following is one of the primary recommendations made in Surgeon General's Report?

A.	To conduct researches to prove the theory that sexuality was influenced by nature
B.	To promote the churches' belief that one should indulge in sex for procreation only
C.	To discourage people from indulging in homosexual relationships
D.	To implement and strengthen interventions that can help prevent HIV/AIDS
E.	To prevent the media from telecasting programs with sexual content

71. In the context of sexual research, which of the following is an ethical practice?

A.	Protecting the people who participate in sex research
B.	Leaving out ethnic minorities from studies of sexual behavior
C.	Keeping out homosexuals from studies of sexual behavior
D.	Rejecting the research results that go against religious beliefs
E.	Concealing the contents of the research from the participants

72. Quantitative research methods primarily focus on:

A.	collection of qualitative data.
B.	ethnographic research.
C.	collection of numeric information.
D.	the use of non-human agencies.
E.	the subjective study of a matter.

73. Which of the following is a defining characteristic of a qualitative research?

A.	It mainly involves the collection of quantitative information.
B.	It is primarily designed to ensure objectivity.
C.	It mainly involves the collection of nonnumeric information.
D.	It does not leave any scope for the occurrence of personal bias.
E.	It is designed for data that can be encoded into a numeric form.

74. Which of the following is an advantage primarily associated with quantitative research?

A.	It is designed to ensure objectivity.
B.	It is designed to accurately collect qualitative data.
C.	It eliminates the need to use independent variables.
D.	It is best suited for collecting non-numeric data.
E.	It prevents the generalization of results.

75. The primary difference between quantitative and qualitative data is that the latter:

A.	is specifically designed to ensure objectivity.
B.	deals only with non-numeric data.
C.	ensures that there is no personal bias.
D.	is concerned with studying how one variable impacts another.
E.	uses variables to determine if changes to one thing result in change to another.

76. means the extent to which research findings and conclusions from a study conducted on a sample population can be applied to the population at large.

A.	Reliability
B.	Validity
C.	Efficiency
D.	Accountability
E.	Generalizability

77. refers to the extent to which a measure, procedure, or instrument yields the same result on repeated trials.

A.	Reliability
B.	Validity
C.	Efficiency
D.	Accountability
E.	Generalizability

78. is the extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure.

A.	Reliability
B.	Validity
C.	Efficiency
D.	Accountability
E.	Generalizability

79. In the context of research, an independent variable is best defined as:

A.	the variable measured in a research whose value remains fixed.
B.	the primary variable that relates the dependent variable to the experimental value.
C.	the variable that is manipulated to test its affect on the dependent variable.
D.	the value that most accurately generalizes research findings and conclusions.
E.	the value that measures the reliability of a particular procedure.

80. The difference between dependant variables and independent variables is that:

A.	the value of independent variables can be manipulated.
B.	the independent variable is the value that is measured.
C.	the dependant variable is relation between the stable and unstable variable.
D.	the independent variable remains constant.
E.	the dependant variable has a numeric value.

81. Phil wants to find if the intake of calcium has an effect on the growth rate of children between the age of ten to fifteen. So he forms two groups and gives different amounts of calcium to each group and then measures growth rate after 15 years. In this case, calcium is the:

A.	dependant variable.
B.	stable variable.
C.	independent variable.
D.	non-relative variable.
E.	correlation.

82. Thomson is doing a research on the effects of light on the sexual intensity of women. So he forms two groups and exposes them to different intensities of light and then measures sexual intensity. Here sexual intensity is the:

A.	dependant variable.
B.	unstable variable.
C.	independent variable.
D.	relative variable.
E.	correlation.

83. A(n) is a statistical measurement of the strength of the relationship between two variables.

A.	independent value
B.	dependent value
C.	correlation
D.	extraneous variable
E.	co-efficient

84. In the context of case studies, which of the following is true?

A.	In case studies, a researcher studies a single individual or very small group in depth.
B.	Case studies are not based on retrospective self-report and so are most accurate.
C.	In case studies, researchers observe the present condition of the subject and not their previous history.
D.	The generalizability of case studies is the highest among all the research methods related to sex research.
E.	In case studies, researchers typically use indirect observation methods in which the participants are not aware that they are being studied.

85. Which of the following is the main disadvantage of the case study research in sexuality?

A.	It does not take into account the personal views of the subjects.
B.	It ignores the past history of the subjects.
C.	It does not allow one to study a subject in isolation.
D.	It is not based on the retrospective self-report.
E.	It becomes difficult to generalize the results to a larger population.

86. People usually have great knowledge about their own lives, but they may not remember certain aspects of their lives clearly, or may misremember certain aspects. This distortion of recalled events is called the .

A.	distinction bias
B.	gender bias
C.	recency bias
D.	retrospective bias
E.	reverse bias

87. Which of the following is an advantage typically associated with face-to-face interviews?

A.	They allow researchers to build a rapport with each participant to draw out authentic answers.
B.	They are very cost effective as the researcher himself can conduct the survey.
C.	They are much less time consuming compared to other research methods.
D.	They allow researchers to indirectly observe the subjects without their knowledge.
E.	They ensure that the identity of the subject is not revealed to the researcher.

88. Which of the following is a disadvantage typically associated with printed surveys and questionnaires?

A.	They are more costly as compared to face-to-face interviews.
B.	They are more time consuming as compared to face-to-face interviews.
C.	They have lesser scope of asking for clarification of the information provided as compared to face-to-face interviews.
D.	They cannot assure the anonymity, which means the responses may not be as honest as that of the face-to-face interviews.
E.	The personal nature of the interview may overwhelm some individuals, which often lead to dishonest responses or purposeful omissions of information.

89. Which of the following is an advantage primarily associated with printed surveys and questionnaires?

A.	The personal nature of the survey allows one to record authentic reactions.
B.	They can assure anonymity, which means the responses are often honest.
C.	They allow researchers to build a rapport with each participant to draw out authentic answers.
D.	It allows the interviewer to vary the sequence of questions depending on how a person responds to previous questions.
E.	It allows the interviewer to ask a person in an interview to clarify information in order to increase understanding of the answer.

90. Which of the following research methodologies typically allows a researcher to most effectively observe natural behaviors in context as they occur?

A.	Face-to-face interviews
B.	Questionnaires
C.	Printed surveys
D.	Direct observation
E.	Laboratory experiment

91. Which of the following is an advantage typically associated with direct observation?

A.	They provide an opportunity to observe natural behaviors in context as they occur.
B.	They are very cost effective as the researcher himself can conduct the survey.
C.	They are much less time consuming compared to other research methods.
D.	They allow the researcher to conduct the survey without the prior knowledge of the subject.
E.	They ensure that the identity of the subject is not revealed to the researcher.

92. In the case of direct observations, the chances of eliminating the possibility of falsification is the highest because:

A.	the respondents belong to a wide geographic area.
B.	the identity of the subject is kept anonymous.
C.	the researcher observes behavior as it occurs.
D.	the method is cost effective.
E.	the method is less time consuming.

93. Which of the following is a disadvantage typically associated with direct observation?

A.	May not immitate behavior that occurs in private
B.	Anonymity of participants
C.	Excess information
D.	Attrition
E.	Retrospective bias

94. Which of the following methodologies is likely to allow researchers to control the influence of external variables most effectively?

A.	Face-to-face interviews
B.	Questionnaires
C.	Printed surveys
D.	Experimental research
E.	Participatory Action Research

95. Which of the following is a disadvantage of experimental research?

A.	The laboratory setting can influence the behavior of participants.
B.	The researcher has little influence on the external variables.
C.	The researcher cannot measure the physiological responses of the participant.
D.	The researcher is unable to draw conclusions about cause and effect relationships among the variables of interest.
E.	The requirement for strong community participation tends to make this research very confusing.

96.	As you develop sexual literacy, you enhance your own, which means the integration of body, mind, feelings, and social life through sexuality.

97.	is the study of sexual behavior across the human species, all cultures, and individuals.

98.	is the idea that people may be naturally attracted to both sexes.

99.	The period after intercourse when men cannot ejaculate, is known as the period.

100. research methods focus on gathering numeric information or nonnumeric information that is easily encoded into a numeric form, such as a survey.

101. refers to the absence of personal bias.

102. The relationship between the independent and dependent variable in a research is called a(n)

103. , sometimes called quasi-experimental, is a research design that looks at the strength and direction of the relationship between two or more variables.

104. is a relatively new social method that involves gathering and using information that the people who are affected most directly by issues in the community in the effort to apply the research to their benefit.

105. was the first international document to delineate human rights.

106. Define sexual literacy. How can you enhance your holistic sexuality?

107. Which are the primary elements that are fundamental to achieving sexual well-being?

108. Elaborate on the ideas that the nineteenth century doctors held regarding masturbation.

109. What is psychoanalysis?

110. What were Freud's main contributions to the study of personality and human sexuality?

111. Discuss some of the criticisms against Kinsey's research regarding human sexual behavior?

112. In studying sexuality, interdisciplinary research has three basic goals. What are these goals?

113. Differentiate between the quantitative and qualitative research methods.

114. What is the main disadvantage of case study research in sexuality?

115. What are the sexuality rights that have recently been added to the human rights?

c1 Key

1.	Sexuality has an impact on both our physical and emotional state. TRUE

Blooms: Understand Difficulty: Easy

Heading: Sexual Literacy Herdt - Chapter 01 #1 Topic: Sexual Literacy

2.	One cannot become sexually literate without having sex. FALSE

Blooms: Understand Difficulty: Medium

Heading: Becoming Sexually Literate

Herdt - Chapter 01 #2 Topic: Sexual Literacy

3.	When people are comfortable talking about sex and actual sexual relations, they use more risky behavior when having sex. FALSE

Blooms: Understand Difficulty: Medium

Heading: Becoming Sexually Literate

Herdt - Chapter 01 #3 Topic: Sexual Literacy

4.	Purpose in life weakens our belief in love and romantic relationships. FALSE

Blooms: Understand Difficulty: Hard

Heading: Sexual Well-Being Herdt - Chapter 01 #4 Topic: Sexual Literacy

5.	In the beginning, sexology was all about the study of sexual diversity. FALSE

Blooms: Remember Difficulty: Easy

Heading: Sexual Science-An Historical Perspective

Herdt - Chapter 01 #5 Topic: Sexual Science-An Historical Perspective

6.	Freud treated sex as a fundamental part of human nature and not as an underlying mental disorder. FALSE

Blooms: Remember Difficulty: Hard

Heading: Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

Herdt - Chapter 01 #6 Topic: Sexual Science-An Historical Perspective

7.	Masters and Johnson's research proved that the only real orgasm for women is in the vagina. FALSE

Blooms: Remember Difficulty: Medium

Heading: William Masters and Virginia Johnson

Herdt - Chapter 01 #7 Topic: Sexual Science-An Historical Perspective

8.	At present, oral and anal sexual practices vary considerably between Whites, African Americans, and Hispanics. TRUE

Blooms: Remember Difficulty: Easy

Heading: National Health and Social Life Survey

Herdt - Chapter 01 #8 Topic: Sexual Science-An Historical Perspective

9.	Sex research cuts across several scientific and social scientific disciplines. TRUE

Blooms: Understand Difficulty: Medium

Heading: Methodology in Studying Sexuality

Herdt - Chapter 01 #9 Topic: Methodology in Studying Sexuality

10.	The study of sexuality involves biological, social, psychological, and health sciences. TRUE

Blooms: Remember Difficulty: Easy

Heading: Interdisciplinary Perspectives

Herdt - Chapter 01 #10 Topic: Methodology in Studying Sexuality

11.	The biological and evolutionary perspectives on sexuality contradict each other. FALSE

Blooms: Understand Difficulty: Hard

Heading: Interdisciplinary Perspectives

Herdt - Chapter 01 #11

Topic: Methodology in Studying Sexuality

12.	Qualitative research methods focus on gathering numeric information or nonnumeric information that is easily encoded into a numeric form. FALSE

Blooms: Remember Difficulty: Medium

Heading: Research Designs Herdt - Chapter 01 #12

Topic: Methodology in Studying Sexuality

13.	In the context of quantitative research, independent variable is the variable that is measured. FALSE

Blooms: Understand Difficulty: Easy

Heading: Research Designs Herdt - Chapter 01 #13

Topic: Methodology in Studying Sexuality

14.	The main advantage of case study research in sexuality is that it is easy to generalize the results to a large population. FALSE

Blooms: Understand Difficulty: Medium Heading: Case Study Herdt - Chapter 01 #14

Topic: Methodology in Studying Sexuality

15.	One of the disadvantages of face-to-face interviews is that they demand for a significant time investment. TRUE

Blooms: Understand Difficulty: Medium

Heading: Surveys and Interviews

Herdt - Chapter 01 #15 Topic: Methodology in Studying Sexuality

16.	Internet questionnaires are losing its popularity in sex research as it is relatively very expensive. FALSE

Blooms: Remember Difficulty: Easy

Heading: Surveys and Interviews

Herdt - Chapter 01 #16 Topic: Methodology in Studying Sexuality

17.	In the context of direct observation, reliability of data decreases with more representative samples. FALSE

Blooms: Understand Difficulty: Medium

Heading: Direct Observation Herdt - Chapter 01 #17

Topic: Methodology in Studying Sexuality

18.	Experimental studies prevent researchers from drawing conclusions about cause and effect relationships among the variables of interest. FALSE

Blooms: Understand

Difficulty: Medium Heading: Experiments Herdt - Chapter 01 #18

Topic: Methodology in Studying Sexuality

19.	PAR is a way to build and strengthen sexual well-being in communities by increasing people's understandings of each other's sexual lives. TRUE

Blooms: Understand Difficulty: Hard

Heading: Participatory Action Research

Herdt - Chapter 01 #19 Topic: Methodology in Studying Sexuality

20.	Human sexual rights violations can destroy sexual well-being, and possibly life itself. TRUE

Blooms: Remember Difficulty: Medium

Heading: Human Sexual Rights Herdt - Chapter 01 #20 Topic: Human Sexual Rights

21. has been defined as the knowledge and skills needed to promote and protect sexual well-being.

A.	Sexual chauvinism
B.	Cultural chauvinism
C.	Sexual literacy
D.	Holistic sexuality
E.	Ontogeny

Blooms: Remember Difficulty: Easy

Heading: Sexual Literacy

Herdt - Chapter 01 #21 Topic: Sexual Literacy

22. As you develop your sexual literacy you are most likely to:

A.	have a positive attitude toward sexual chauvinism.
B.	enhance your own holistic sexuality.
C.	consider your sexual culture to be the best.
D.	realize that sexual well-being is a physical state and not a mental state.
E.	develop a negative attitude toward the gay and lesbian population.

Blooms: Understand Difficulty: Medium Heading: Sexual Literacy Herdt - Chapter 01 #22 Topic: Sexual Literacy

23. Which of the following contributes toward holistic sexuality?

A.	Practicing sexual chauvinism
B.	Having healthy relationships
C.	Understanding that sexual diversity is detrimental to the society
D.	Practicing cultural chauvinism
E.	Controlling homosexual tendencies

Blooms: Understand Difficulty: Hard

Heading: Sexual Literacy Herdt - Chapter 01 #23 Topic: Sexual Literacy

24. In the context of sexual literacy, which of the following is true?

A.	Sexual well-being is entirely a physical state and does not affect mental health.
B.	As you develop your sexual literacy you are most likely to enhance your sexual chauvinism.
C.	It is not possible to become sexually literate without indulging in the act of having sex.
D.	The understanding that sexual diversity is detrimental to the society contributes to holistic sexuality.
E.	Learning to integrate sexuality into everyday life helps to break down some stereotypes about sexuality.

Blooms: Understand Difficulty: Medium Heading: Sexual Literacy Herdt - Chapter 01 #24 Topic: Sexual Literacy

25. When people are comfortable talking about sex and actual sexual relations, they are most likely to:

A.	give into sexual aggression.
B.	indulge in unprotected sex.
C.	be respectful of sexual diversity.
D.	indulge in more risky behavior when having sex.
E.	support sexual chauvinism.

Blooms: Understand Difficulty: Medium

Heading: Becoming Sexually Literate

Herdt - Chapter 01 #25 Topic: Sexual Literacy

26. People who know their bodies and accept their feelings, including pleasure, generally:

A.	become victims of date rape.
B.	protect themselves better.
C.	support sexual chauvinism.
D.	indulge in unprotected sex
E.	are prone to mental disorders.

Blooms: Understand Difficulty: Easy

Heading: Sexual Well-Being Herdt - Chapter 01 #26 Topic: Sexual Literacy

27. In the context of holistic sexuality, focus means:

A.	supporting ideas of sexual chauvinism.
B.	accepting that one's sexual culture is superior to other cultures.
C.	being present and fully alert to what one feels sexually.
D.	excluding pleasure from sexual encounters.
E.	rejecting homosexual relationships and promoting heterosexual relationships.

Blooms: Understand Difficulty: Medium

Heading: Sexual Well-Being Herdt - Chapter 01 #27 Topic: Sexual Literacy

28. To be sexually literate means:

A.	believing in the superiority of your sexual culture.
B.	being able to repress your sexual urges.
C.	understanding that sex is for procreation and not pleasure.
D.	being able to talk freely about your sexual feelings.
E.	understanding that sexual diversity is detrimental to the society.

Blooms: Understand Difficulty: Easy

Heading: Communication Matters: Emotional Literacy and Close Relationships

Herdt - Chapter 01 #28 Topic: Sexual Literacy

29. In the context of the 19th century discipline, Sexology, which of the following is true?

A.	It focused on the positive aspects of sexuality.
B.	It encouraged people to indulge in recreational sex.
C.	It encouraged premarital sex to promote sexual literacy.
D.	It treated sexuality like a disease.
E.	It focused mainly on sexual health.

Blooms: Remember Difficulty: Medium

Heading: Sexual Science-A Historical Perspective

Herdt - Chapter 01 #29 Topic: Sexual Science-An Historical Perspective

30. In the context of present day sexual science, which of the following is true?

A.	It looks at the positive aspects of sexuality.
B.	It treats sexuality like a disease.
C.	It negatively influences the values of the age.
D.	It strictly disapproves of contraception.
E.	It considers homosexual relations to be abnormal.

Blooms: Understand Difficulty: Medium

Heading: Sexual Science-A Historical Perspective

Herdt - Chapter 01 #30 Topic: Sexual Science-An Historical Perspective

31. A person who practices bestiality is most likely to be sexually attracted only to:

A.	dead bodies.
B.	animals.
C.	same-sex individuals.
D.	his/her mother.
E.	children.

Blooms: Understand Difficulty: Medium

Heading: The Medical Model of Sexuality

Herdt - Chapter 01 #31 Topic: Sexual Science-An Historical Perspective

32. Russell is sexually attracted only to dead bodies and engages in sexual intercourse with corpses. Based on the given information, we can say that Russell is a(n):

A.	homosexual.
B.	pedophiliac.
C.	necrophiliac.
D.	hemophiliac.
E.	autoandrophiliac.

Blooms: Apply Difficulty: Medium

Heading: The Medical Model of Sexuality

Herdt - Chapter 01 #32 Topic: Sexual Science-An Historical Perspective

33. Which of the following is a belief held by doctors in the early part of the nineteenth century?

A.	People's earliest sexual fantasies revolved around a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent.
B.	Masturbation is a sexual disease that could lead to death.
C.	Scientific study of sexuality could improve people's sexual health.
D.	They believed that female sexuality should be directed toward sexual pleasure.
E.	They considered homosexual relationships to be normal.

Blooms: Remember Difficulty: Hard

Heading: The Medical Model of Sexuality

Herdt - Chapter 01 #33 Topic: Sexual Science-An Historical Perspective

34. Sexuality research was built on a new approach to science in the late 1800s. It differed from earlier studies in that it:

A.	used scientific investigation to explain reality.
B.	used religious faith to promote its studies among the masses.
C.	treated sexuality like a disease.
D.	focused on the negative aspects of sex.
E.	focused on understanding sexual behavior through magic.

Blooms: Understand Difficulty: Medium

Heading: A New Approach to Sex Research

Herdt - Chapter 01 #34 Topic: Sexual Science-An Historical Perspective

35. is the general idea that change occurs in all life forms over time by the process of one generation of species passing inherited characteristics on to the next.

A.	Epidemiology
B.	Retrospective bias
C.	Evolution
D.	Sexology
E.	Neuroculture

Blooms: Remember Difficulty: Easy

Heading: A New Approach to Sex Research

Herdt - Chapter 01 #35 Topic: Sexual Science-An Historical Perspective

36. The term fetishism, coined by Richard von Krafft-Ebing describes the sexual attraction that some people have toward:

A.	physical objects.
B.	dead bodies.
C.	same-sex individuals.
D.	the opposite sex.
E.	animals.

Blooms: Remember Difficulty: Easy

Heading: Richard von Krafft-Ebing (1840-1902)

Herdt - Chapter 01 #36 Topic: Sexual Science-An Historical Perspective

37. Richard von Krafft-Ebing referred to all sexual symptoms that he considered to be abnormal as:

A.	necrophilia.
B.	fetishes.
C.	heresies.
D.	perversions.
E.	bestiality.

Blooms: Remember Difficulty: Easy

Heading: Richard von Krafft-Ebing (1840-1902)

Herdt - Chapter 01 #37 Topic: Sexual Science-An Historical Perspective

38. Who was the first person to use surveys to study sexual behavior in groups of people?

A.	Richard von Krafft-Ebing
B.	Magnus Hirschfeld
C.	Havelock Ellis
D.	Sigmund Freud
E.	Carl Jung

Blooms: Remember Difficulty: Easy

Heading: Magnus Hirschfeld (1868-1935)

Herdt - Chapter 01 #38 Topic: Sexual Science-An Historical Perspective

39. Freud believed that:

A.	sexuality motivated all other behaviors, including all mental distress.
B.	homosexual relations were healthy and should be encouraged.
C.	sexual chauvinism helped people to come to terms with their identity.
D.	the unconscious mind should be repressed so as to control ones abnormal sexual urges.
E.	sex could cure all forms of mental disorders.

Blooms: Remember Difficulty: Easy

Heading: Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

Herdt - Chapter 01 #39 Topic: Sexual Science-An Historical Perspective

40. Freud treated sex as a(n):

A.	indicator of a happy marriage.
B.	underlying symptom of mental disorder.
C.	measure of social progress.
D.	pleasurable activity that improves one's health.
E.	healthy practice that contributes toward holistic sexuality.

Blooms: Understand Difficulty: Medium

Heading: Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

Herdt - Chapter 01 #40 Topic: Sexual Science-An Historical Perspective

41. The study of the unconscious that focuses on the mind and "talking therapy" is referred to as:

A.	epidemiology.
B.	etymology.
C.	biostatistics.
D.	psychoanalysis.
E.	angelology.

Blooms: Remember Difficulty: Easy

Heading: Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

Herdt - Chapter 01 #41 Topic: Sexual Science-An Historical Perspective

42. Which of the following is a major drawback of Freud's methodology?

A.	He observed only adults, not children.
B.	He observed only women and not men.
C.	He observed only homosexuals.
D.	He observed only necrophiliacs.
E.	He observed only sexual chauvinists.

Blooms: Understand Difficulty: Hard

Heading: Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

Herdt - Chapter 01 #42 Topic: Sexual Science-An Historical Perspective

43. Freud's emphasis on childhood primarily led to the strong bias to think that:

A.	sexual development needs to be monitored in abnormal children.
B.	sexual development starts only after childhood.
C.	sexual development is abnormal in children.
D.	sexual development ceases after childhood.
E.	sexual development starts at adolescence.

Blooms: Understand Difficulty: Hard

Heading: Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

Herdt - Chapter 01 #43 Topic: Sexual Science-An Historical Perspective

44. As described by Freud, what are erogenous zones?

A.	They are major areas of the body that are highly sensitive to sexual stimulation.
B.	They are major areas of the body that are sexually inactive in children.
C.	They are major glands of the body that produces testosterones.
D.	They are major glands of the body that produces prolactins.
E.	They are major glands of the body that produces estrogens.

Blooms: Remember Difficulty: Easy

Heading: Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

Herdt - Chapter 01 #44 Topic: Sexual Science-An Historical Perspective

45. Which of the following is one of the positive contributions of Freud in the field of sex research?

A.	He coined the term fetishism to describe people's sexual attraction to physical objects.
B.	He stated that sexual development starts only after childhood.
C.	He discovered that men had a refractory period after ejaculation.
D.	He developed a technique to help couples deal with sexual dysfunctions.
E.	He recognized that the body has erogenous zones.

Blooms: Remember Difficulty: Easy

Heading: Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

Herdt - Chapter 01 #45 Topic: Sexual Science-An Historical Perspective

46. Biological bisexuality refers to the idea that people can be naturally attracted to:

A.	physical objects, such as boots.
B.	many people of the opposite sex.
C.	certain species of animals.
D.	human appendages like feet.
E.	members of both sexes.

Blooms: Understand Difficulty: Medium

Heading: Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

Herdt - Chapter 01 #46 Topic: Sexual Science-An Historical Perspective

A.	a pedophiliac.
B.	a necrophiliac.
C.	a gerontophiliac.
D.	a bisexual.
E.	heterosexual.

Blooms: Apply Difficulty: Hard

Heading: Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

Herdt - Chapter 01 #47 Topic: Sexual Science-An Historical Perspective

48. What was the primary difference between the