Chapter 1Anatomy and Physiology 28 April 2021 0 638 What are the 3 subdivisions of Anatomy? 1). Gross or macroscopic2). Microscopic3). Developmental What does the Cardiovascular system include? Heart, blood vessels, veins, arteries What does the Endocrine system include? Collection of glands that produce hormones that metabolize, grow and reproduce What is a nerve impulse? A signal of transmitted along a nerve fiber What is Homeostasis? The tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements What happens when negative feedback occurs? Response reduces or shuts off original stimulus and the variable changes in opposite direction What happens when positive feedback occurs? Response enhances or exaggerates original stimulus What are the 3 components of a Control Mechanism? 1). Receptor2). Control center3). Effector What are the 3 most common body planes? 1). Sagital2). Frontal3). Transverse What are body cavities? Provides different degrees of protection to organs What are 2 different body cavities? Dorsal and Ventral Explain the Dorsal body cavity Protects the nervous system and has 2 subdivisions: Cranial and vertebral cavity Explain the Ventral body cavity Houses internal organs What is the serous membrane? A mesothelial tissue that lines certain internal cavities of the body, forming a smooth membrane that is lubricated by a fluid derived from serum What is the difference between Parietal serosa and Visceral serosa? (Membranes in the ventral body cavity) The Parietal serosa lines the internal body cavity walls and the Visceral serous covers internal organs. What types of body cavities are exposed to the environment? Oral and digestive, Nasal, Orbitial, Middle ear Bones can support and protect body organs because? They contain hard mineral deposits. Why does blood flow in one direction through the heart? Because the heart has valves that prevent backflow. What are tissues? Groups of similar cells that have a common function. What are the 4 basic types of tissues? 1). Epithelium2). Muscle3). Connective tissue4). Nervous tissue Explain what each of those tissues do? Epithelium covers the body surface and lines its cavities. Muscle provides movement.Connective tissue supports and protects body organs. Nervous tissue provides a means of rapid internal communication by transmitting electrical impulses. What is the organismal level? It represents the sum total of all structural levels working together to keep us alive Why are cells interdependence? Because humans are multicellular organisms and our vital body functions are parceled out among different organ systems. Responsiveness, or excitability, is the ability to do what? Sense changes (stimuli) in the environment and then respond to them. What does metabolism depend on? The digestive and respiratory systems to make nutrients and oxygen available to the blood. What is excretion? The process of removing water, or excreta, from the body. Is homeostasis maintained by negative or positive feedback? Negative In homeostatic control, communication is accomplished by? The nervous and endocrine system, which use neural electrical impulses or bloodborne horomoes respectively and information carriers. What does negative freedback mechanisms do? Shuts off the original effect of the stimulus or reduces it's intensity. What does positive freedback mechanisms do? Result or response enhances the original stimulus so that the response is accelerated, and the results go in the same direction as the initial change What are the 2 subdivisions of the ventral body cavity? 1). Thoracic cavity2). Adbominopelvic cavity What cavity does the mediastinum contain? Pericardial cavity What best describes a thin, double-layered membrane? The serosa or serous membrane What 2 serosa can be found within the serosa or serous membrane? 1). Parietal serosa2). Visceral serosa Name 2 characteristics of the parietal pericardium 1). Lines the pericardial cavity2). Covers most organs within that cavity Name 2 characteristics of the visceral pericardium 1). Covers the heart2). Covers most organs in that cavity What does the parietal pleurae and visceral pleura cover? The parietal pleurae covers the thoracic cavity, and the visceral pleura covers the lungs Share this post
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