Ch. 5 Anatomy and Physiology 28 April 2021 0 837 What are 6 functions of the Integumentary system? 1). Protection2). Body temp regulation3). Cutaneous sensation4). Metabolic functions5). Blood reservoir6). Excretion Protect has 3 barriers, what are they? 1). Chemical2). Physical3). Biological What is the function of the Integumentary system? The integumentary system consists of the skin, hair, nails, glands, and nerves. Its main function is to act as a barrier to protect the body from the outside world. It also functions to retain body fluids, protect against disease, eliminate waste products, and regulate body temperature. What 22 distinct regions do the skin consist of? 1). Epidermis; superficial region2). Dermis; underlies epidermis What is the subQ layer deep to skin, not part of skin but shares functions, is a tissue that absorbs shock, and anchors skin to underlying structures? The Hypodermis What are the 4 cell types of Epidermis? 1).Keratinocytes2). Melanocytes3). Dendritic4). Tactile Explain the Basal layer- a layer of the Epidermis Deepest layer and is attached to the dermis. It has a single row of stem cells and produces 2 daughter cells. One of the cells goes from the basal layer to the surface, while the other remains in stratum bascile as stem cell Explain the Stratum Spinosum (Prickly layer) Several layers thick, abundant melanosome and dendritic cells Explain the Stratum Granulosum (Granular layer) Thin- 4 to 6 cell layers. The cell appearance changes, and cells above this layer die as they are too far from dermal capillaries Explain the Stratum Lucidum (Clear layer) Only found in thick skin and is a thin, translucent bond superficial to the stratum granulosum Explain the Stratum Corneum (Horny layer) 20-30 rows of dead, flat keratinized sacs What are the 4 cells of the Epidermis? 1). Keratinocytes; produce fibrous protein keratin2). Melanocytes; produce pigment melanin3). Dendrictic; key activators of immune system4). Tactile; sensory touch receptors Explain the dermis Strong, flexible connective tissue that contains nerve fibers (blood & lymphatic vessels) and epidermal hair follicles (oil, sweat glands) and has 2 layers. What are the two layers of the dermis? Papillary and Reticular Explain the Papillary layer It is the thin layer in areolar connective tissue with collagen fibers and elastic fibers and blood vessels. It is a loose tissue and it enhances gripping ability, sense touch and is the finger tip pattern Explain the reticular layer It is a dense fibrous connective tissue that has elastic fibers that provide stretch and collagen fibers that provide strength (bind water) What are the 3 pigments the contribute to skin colour? 1). Melanin2). Carotene3). Hemoglobin Explain Melanin Has 2 forms which are reddish-yellow or brownish-black and the colour difference is due to amount and form of melanin. It is produced in melanocytes and migrates to keratinocytes to form "pigment sheilds" for nuclei Explain Carotene and Hemoglobin Carotene is the yellow to orange pigment found in palms/soles and is the yellowish-tinge of some Asians. Hemoglobin is the pinkish hue of fair skin Explain Appendages of the skin Derivatives of the epidermis. Contains hair and hair follicles What are the 2 types of hair growth? 1). Vellus hair; pale, fine body hair of children and some adults2). Terminal hair; coarse, long hair of eyebrows and scalp. What can affect hair growth? Hormones and nutrition What is Alopecia? Hair thinning in both sexes after 40 Explain what nails are Scalelike modification of epidermis and a protective cover for distal and dorsal surface of fingers and toes and contains hard kertain What are the 2 types of sweat glands? 1). Eccrine2). Apocrine Explain the Eccrine sweat gland It is the most numerous and abundant on palms, soles and forehead. The Eccrine sweat is an important mechanism for temperature control Explain the Apocrine sweat gland It is confined to axillary and anogenital areas. It is odorless until bacterial infection and is larger than the Eccrine sweat glands. What softens your hair and skin? Oily holocrine secretion What are the 3 main types of skin cancer? 1). Basal cell carcinoma2). Squamous cell carcinoma3). Melanoma Share this post
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