TEST BANK ILLUSTRATED DENTAL EMBRYOLOGY HISTOLOGY AND ANATOMY 4TH EDITION FEHRENBACH

Unit I: Orofacial Structures
1. Face and Neck Regions
2. Oral Cavity and Pharynx

Unit II: Dental Embryology

3. Prenatal Development
4. Face and Neck Development
5. Orofacial Development
6. Tooth Development and Eruption

Unit III: Dental Histology

7. Cells
8. Basic Tissue
9. Oral Mucosa
10. Gingival and Dentogingival Junctional Tissues
11. Head and Neck Structures
12. Enamel
13. Dentin and Pulp
14. Periodontium: Cementum, Alveolar Bone, Periodontal Ligament

Unit IV: Dental Anatomy

15. Overview of Dentitions
16. Permanent Anterior Teeth
17. Permanent Posterior Teeth
18. Primary Dentition
19. Temporomandibular Joint
20. Occlusion

Chapter 01: Face and Neck Regions

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which of the following facial features is located laterally to each naris?

a.

Orbit

b.

Nasal ala

c.

Nasal septum

d.

Philtrum

ANS: B

The nares are separated by the midline nasal septum. The nares are

also bounded laterally by winglike cartilaginous structures, each ala

(plural, alae) of the nose. In the orbital region of the face, the eyeball

and all its supporting structures are contained in the orbit of the skull,

the bony eye socket. On the midline of the upper lip extending

downward from the nasal septum is a vertical groove, the philtrum.

REF: Chapter 1, Nasal Region, Page 2

2. The lips are outlined from the surrounding skin by a transition area

called the:

a.

philtrum.

b.

mucogingival junction.

c.

mucocutaneous junction.

d.

mandibular symphysis.

ANS: C

The vermilion zone of each lip has a darker appearance than the

surrounding skin, with the lips outlined from the surrounding skin by a

transition zone, the mucocutaneous junction. On the midline of the

upper lip extending downward from the nasal septum is a vertical

groove, the philtrum. The line of demarcation between the firmer and

pinker attached gingiva and the movable and redder alveolar mucosa

is the scallop-shaped mucogingival junction. The midline of the

mandible is marked by the mandibular symphysis.

REF: Chapter 1, Oral Region, Page 2

3. Which of the following structures can be palpated in the anterior

midline of the neck?

a.

Thyroid cartilage

b.

Parathyroid glands

c.

Sternocleidomastoid muscle

d.

Submandibular salivary gland

ANS: A

Found in the anterior midline and inferior to the hyoid bone is the

thyroid cartilage, which is the prominence of the “voice box,” or larynx.

The vocal cords, or ligaments of the larynx, are attached to the

posterior surface of the thyroid cartilage. The parathyroid glands are

located close to or within the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland but

cannot be palpated in a patient; the thyroid gland can be palpated on a

patient within the midline cervical area. The large strap muscle, the

sternocleidomastoid muscle, is easily palpated on each side of the

neck. The submandibular salivary gland is in the neck region but not in

the midline.

REF: Chapter 1, Neck Regions, Page 8

4. Which of the following statements concerning the zygomatic

arch is correct?

a.

The temporomandibular joint

is superior.

b.

The infraorbital region is

inferior.

c.

It overlies the mandible.

d.

The external ear is posterior.

ANS: D

Farther laterally to the infraorbital region is the zygomatic region,

which overlies the bony support for the cheek, the zygomatic arch. The

zygomatic arch extends from just below the lateral margin of the eye

toward the middle part of the external ear, which is located posteriorly.

Inferior to the zygomatic arch and just anterior to the external ear is

the temporomandibular joint.

REF: Chapter 1, Zygomatic Region, Page 2

5. One of the muscles forming the cheek is the strong _____ muscle, which

is felt when a patient clenches the teeth together.

a.

lateral pterygoid

b.

masseter

c.

medial pterygoid

d.

temporalis

ANS: B

The buccal region of the face is composed of the soft tissue of the

cheek. The cheek forms the side of the face and is a broad area of the

face between the nose, mouth, and ear. Most of the upper cheek is

fleshy, mainly formed by a mass of fat and muscles. One of the

muscles forming the cheek is the strong masseter muscle, which is

palpated when a patient clenches the teeth together. The pterygoid 

muscles are also located on each side of the face near the mouth, and

the temporalis is located in the temporal region.

REF: Chapter 1, Buccal Region, Page 2

6. Just inferior to the zygomatic arch and just anterior to the external ear

is the:

a.

temporomandibular joint.

b.

infraorbital region.

c.

mental region.

d.

parotid gland.

ANS: A

Inferior to the zygomatic arch and just anterior to the external ear is

the temporomandibular joint. The infraorbital region of the face is

located inferior to the orbital region and lateral to the nasal region.

Farther laterally is the zygomatic region, which overlies the bony

support for the cheek, the zygomatic arch. The zygomatic arch extends

from just below the lateral margin of the eye toward the middle part of

the external ear. The chin is the major feature of the mental region of

the face; the bone underlying the mental region is the mandible, or

lower jaw. The parotid is located irregularly from the zygomatic arch

down to the posterior border of the lower jaw.

REF: Chapter 1, Zygomatic Region, Page 2

7. The _____ salivary gland is located irregularly from the zygomatic arch

down to the posterior border of the lower jaw.

a.

parotid

b.

submandibular

c.

von Ebner

d.

sublingual

ANS: A

The parotid is located irregularly from the zygomatic arch down to the

posterior border of the lower jaw. Both the submandibular salivary and

sublingual are in the neck region. The von Ebner refers to minor glands

located deep to the circumvallate lingual papillae on the dorsal surface

of the tongue.

REF: Chapter 1, Buccal Region, Page 2

8. The _____ extends from just below the lateral margin of the eye toward

the middle part of the external ear.

a.

temporomandibular joint

b.

zygomatic arch

c.

labial commissure

d.

infraorbital region

ANS: B

The zygomatic arch extends from just below the lateral margin of the

eye toward the middle part of the external ear. Inferior to the

zygomatic arch and just anterior to the external ear is the

temporomandibular joint. The upper and lower lips meet at each corner

of the mouth at the labial commissure. The infraorbital region of the

face is located inferior to the orbital region and lateral to the nasal

region.

REF: Chapter 1, Zygomatic Region, Page 2

9. The main feature of the _____ region of the face is the external nose.

a.

infraorbital

b.

zygomatic

c.

nasal

d.

temporal

ANS: C

The main feature of the nasal region of the face is the external nose.

The infraorbital region of the face is located inferior to the orbital

region and lateral to the nasal region. Farther laterally is the zygomatic

region, which overlies the bony support for the cheek, the zygomatic

arch. The temporal region is on the lateral side of the head at the

temple.

REF: Chapter 1, Nasal Region, Page 1

10. Which of the following orofacial structures is located in the midline of

the face or neck?

a.

Philtrum

b.

Submandibular salivary gland

c.

Naris and ala

d.

Parotid salivary gland

ANS: A

On the midline of the upper lip extending downward from the nasal

septum is a vertical groove, the philtrum. The submandibular can also

be palpated in a patient in the neck region but not in the midline.

Inferior to the apex on each side of the nose is a nostril, or naris

(plural, nares). The nares are also bounded laterally by winglike

cartilaginous structures, each ala (plural, alae) of the nose. The parotid

is located irregularly from the zygomatic arch down to the posterior

border of the lower jaw and not in the midline.

REF: Chapter 1, Oral Region, Page 2

11. The _____ region includes the forehead and area above the eyes.

a.

infraorbital

b.

orbital

c.

temporal

d.

frontal

ANS: D

The frontal region of the face includes the forehead and the area above

the eyes. The infraorbital region of the face is located inferior to the

orbital region and lateral to the nasal region. In the orbital region of the

face, the eyeball and all its supporting structures  fare contained in the

orbit of the skull, the bony eye socket. The temporal region is on the

lateral side of the head at the temple.

REF: Chapter 1, Frontal Region, Page 1

12. Which of the following may be involved in the disruption of the

vermilion zone and may make it hard to determine the exact location

of its mucocutaneous junction between the lips and the surrounding

skin?

a.

Scar tissue

b.

Hypercalcification

c.

Cleft palate

d.

Symmetry

ANS: A

Disruption of the vermilion zone may make it hard to determine the

exact location of its mucocutaneous junction between the lips and the

surrounding skin. These changes may be due to scar tissue from past

traumatic incidents, developmental disturbances, or cellular changes in

the tissue such as occur with solar damage. These changes may also

composed of cementum. The bonelike cementum is the part of the

tooth that attaches to the periodontal ligament.

REF: Chapter 2, Jaws, Alveolar Processes, and Teeth, Page 12

14. Just distal to the last tooth of the maxillary arch is a tissue-covered 

elevation of the bone called the:

a.

maxillary arch.

b.

maxillary tuberosity.

c.

canine eminence.

d.

retromolar pad.

ANS: B

Just distal to the last tooth of the maxillary arch is a tissue-covered

elevation of the bone, the maxillary tuberosity. Similarly, on the lower

jaw is a dense pad of tissue located just distal to the last tooth of the

mandibular arch, the retromolar pad. The alveolar processes with the

teeth in the alveoli are also called dental arches, the maxillary arch

and mandibular arch. The facial part of the alveolus of each canine, the

vertically placed canine eminence, is especially prominent on each side

of the maxilla.

REF: Chapter 2, Dental Arches, Page 12

15. On which of the following orofacial tissue is the linea alba located?

a.

Attached gingiva

b.

Marginal gingiva

c.

Labial mucosa

d.

Buccal mucosa

ANS: D

A variation that can be noted on the buccal mucosa is the linea alba.

This is a white ridge of hyperkeratinization that extends horizontally at

the level where the maxillary and mandibular teeth come together and

occlude; similar ridges of white tissue can sometimes be present on

the tongue perimeter.

REF: Chapter 2, Clinical Considerations with Oral Mucosa, Page 10

16. The structures closest to the lips are termed _____ or labial.

a.

lingual

b.

facial

c.

buccal

d.

palatal

ANS: B

The structures closest to the facial surface are facial. The facial

structures closest to the lips are labial. The facial structures close to

the inner cheek are buccal. The structures closest to the tongue are

lingual. The lingual structures closest to the palate are palatal.

REF: Chapter 2, Oral Cavity Divisions, Page 9

17. The pink labial mucosa or buccal mucosa meets the redder _____ at the

mucobuccal fold.

a.

marginal gingiva

b.

attached gingiva

c.

alveolar mucosa

d.

interdental papilla

ANS: C

Deep within each vestibule is the vestibular fornix, where the pink

labial mucosa or buccal mucosa meets the redder alveolar mucosa at

the mucobuccal fold. The gingival tissue that tightly adheres to the

alveolar process surrounding the roots of the teeth is the attached

gingiva. At the gingival margin of each tooth is the marginal gingiva,

which forms a cuff above the neck of the tooth. The interdental gingiva

is the gingival tissue between adjacent teeth adjoining attached

gingiva, with each individual extension being an interdental papilla.

REF: Chapter 2, Oral Vestibules, Page 10

18. The _____ is a white ridge of raised callused tissue that extends

horizontally at the level where the maxillary and mandibular teeth

come together and occlude.

a.

linea alba

b.

buccal fat pad

c.

parotid papilla

d.

labial frenum

ANS: A

The linea alba is a white ridge of hyperkeratinization that extends

horizontally at the level where the maxillary and mandibular teeth

come together and occlude; similar ridges of white tissue can

sometimes be present on the tongue perimeter. The buccal mucosa

covers a dense pad of underlying fat tissue at the posterior part of

each vestibule, the buccal fat pad. On the inner part of the buccal

mucosa, just opposite the maxillary second molar, is a small elevation

of tissue is the parotid papilla. The labial frenum (plural, frena) is a fold

of tissue located at the midline between the labial mucosa and the

alveolar mucosa on the upper and lower dental arches.

REF: Chapter 2, Clinical Considerations with Oral Mucosa Features, Page 10

19. Each body of the maxilla is superior to the teeth and contains the _____

sinuses.

a.

sphenoidal

b.

ethmoidal

c.

frontal

d.

maxillary

ANS: D

Each body of the maxilla, a facial bone, is superior to the teeth and

contains the maxillary sinus. The other sinuses listed—the sphenoidal,

ethmoidal, and frontal—are contained within the cranial bones.

REF: Chapter 2, Jaws, Alveolar Processes, and Teeth, Page 10

20. The facial part of the alveolus of the ____, the vertically placed

eminence, is especially prominent on the maxilla.

a.

premolar

b.

canine

c.

molar

d.

incisor

ANS: B

The facial part of the alveolus of each canine, the vertically placed

canine eminence, is especially prominent on each side of the maxilla.

The alveolar process, or alveolar bone, is the bony extension for both

the maxilla and mandible that contains each tooth socket of the teeth

or alveolus (plural, alveoli).

REF: Chapter 2, Jaws, Alveolar Processes, and Teeth, Page 10

21. Surrounding the teeth in the alveoli and covering the alveolar

processes is the _____, which is composed of a firm pink tissue.

a.

gingiva

b.

minor salivary glands

c.

Fordyce spots

d.

linea alba

ANS: A

Surrounding the maxillary and mandibular teeth in the alveoli and

covering the alveolar processes are the soft tissue gums, or gingiva (or

more accurately, but not commonly, by the dental community,

gingivae), composed of a firm pink mucosa. Minor salivary glands are

deep within the oral mucosa throughout the oral cavity. Fordyce spots

are visible as small, yellowish elevations on the oral mucosa; they

represent deeper deposits of sebum from trapped or misplaced

sebaceous gland tissue, usually associated with hair follicles. The linea

alba is a white ridge of hyperkeratinization that extends horizontally at

the level where the maxillary and mandibular teeth come together and

occlude; similar ridges of white tissue can sometimes be present on

the tongue perimeter.

REF: Chapter 2, Gingival Tissue, Page 13

22. What is the midline ridge of tissue on the hard palate?

a.

Incisive papilla

b.

Palatine rugae

c.

Median palatine raphe

d.

Uvula

ANS: C

The median palatine raphe is a midline ridge of tissue on the hard

palate. The incisive papilla is a small bulge of tissue at the most

anterior part of the hard palate. The palatine rugae are firm, irregular

ridges of tissue on the hard palate. A midline muscular structure, the

uvula of the palate, hangs down from the posterior margin of the soft

palate.

REF: Chapter 2, Palate, Page 15

23. What are the small, elevated structures of specialized mucosa located

on the dorsal surfaces of the tongue, some of which are associated

with taste buds?

a.

Lingual papilla

b.

Sulcus terminalis

c.

Parotid papilla

d.

Foramen cecum

ANS: A

The dorsal surface of the tongue has small, elevated structures of

specialized mucosa, the lingual papillae, some of which are associated

with taste buds. Posteriorly on the dorsal surface of the tongue is an

inverted V-shaped groove, the sulcus terminalis. Where the sulcus

terminalis points backward toward the throat is a small, pitlike

depression, the foramen cecum. On the inner part of the buccal

mucosa, just opposite the maxillary second molar, is a small elevation 

of tissue is the parotid papilla.

REF: Chapter 2, Tongue, Page 15

24. What is the small bulge of tissue at the most anterior part of the hard

palate?

a.

Incisive papilla

b.

Palatine rugae

c.

Median palatine raphe

d.

Uvula

ANS: A

The incisive papilla is a small bulge of tissue at the most anterior part

of the hard palate. The palatine rugae are firm, irregular ridges of