Test Bank for Human Physiology An Integrated Approach 8th Edition Silverthorn

Sample test bank questions 

1) The portions of a neuron that extend off of the roughly spherical cell body are usually collectively called A) protrusions. 2. B) processes. 3. C) prostheses. 4. D) projections. Answer: B Section: Cells of the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 2) Detailed understanding of the cellular basis of signaling in the nervous system has led to good understanding of consciousness, intelligence, and emotion. A) True B) False Answer: B Section: Organization of the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 3) Neurotransmitter is stored and released from A) axon terminals only. B) axon varicosities only. C) dendritic spines only. D) cell bodies only. E) axon terminals and axon varicosities. Answer: E Section: Cells of the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 4) Information coming into the central nervous system is transmitted along ________ neurons. A) afferent B) sensory C) efferent D) afferent and sensory E) sensory and efferent Answer: D Section: Organization of the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 5) The afferent and efferent axons together form the A) central nervous system. B) autonomic division system. C) somatic motor division of the nervous system. D) peripheral nervous system. E) visceral nervous system. Answer: D Section: Organization of the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 6) The brain and spinal cord together compose the A) central nervous system. B) autonomic division system. C) somatic motor division of the nervous system. D) peripheral nervous system. E) visceral nervous system. Answer: A Section: Organization of the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 7) Exocrine glands, smooth muscles, and cardiac muscles are controlled by the A) central nervous system. B) autonomic nervous system. C) somatic motor division. D) peripheral nervous system. E) enteric nervous system. Answer: B Section: Organization of the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 8) Autonomic motor neurons are subdivided into the A) visceral and somatic divisions. B) sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. C) central and peripheral divisions. D) visceral and enteric divisions. E) somatic and enteric divisions. Answer: B Section: Organization of the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 9) The enteric nervous system is a network of neurons that function in controlling A) reproduction. B) digestion. C) excretion, particularly urination. D) the skeletal system. E) the endocrine system. Answer: B Section: Organization of the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 10) In general, the nervous system is composed of which two types of cells? 1. motor 2. neurons 3. sensory 4. glial 5. associative 6. A) 1 and 2 7. B) 1 and 3 8. C) 2 and 4 9. D) 3 and 4 10. E) 3 and 5 Answer: C Section: Cells of the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 11) The cell body of neurons is generally 1. A) 90% of the cell volume. 2. B) 50% of the cell volume. 3. C) 10% of the cell volume. 4. D) found in the same position on every neuron. Answer: C Section: Cells of the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 12) Interneurons are found 1. A) only in the brain. 2. B) only in the spinal cord. 3. C) only in the CNS. 4. D) throughout the nervous system. 5. E) only in spinal nerves. Answer: C Section: Cells of the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 13) The multiple thin, branched structures on a neuron whose main function is to receive incoming signals are the 1. A) cell bodies. 2. B) axons. 3. C) dendrites. 4. D) somata. 5. E) None of the answers are correct. Answer: C Section: Cells of the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.3 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 14) The collection of axons that carries information between the central nervous system and the peripheral effectors is called the 1. A) axon hillock. 2. B) varicosity. 3. C) axon. 4. D) dendrite. 5. E) nerve. Answer: E Section: Cells of the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 15) The region where the axon terminal meets its target cell is called the 1. A) collateral. 2. B) hillock. 3. C) synapse. 4. D) nerve. 5. E) dendrites. Answer: C Section: Cells of the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.3 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 16) The axon is connected to the cell body by the 1. A) myelin sheath. 2. B) axon terminal. 3. C) collaterals. 4. D) axon hillock. 5. E) synapse. Answer: D Section: Cells of the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 17) Branches that sometimes occur along the length of an axon are called 1. A) dendrites. 2. B) axon terminals. 3. C) collaterals. 4. D) axon hillocks. 5. E) synapses. Answer: C Section: Cells of the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 18) Neurotransmitters are released from the 1. A) dendrites. 2. B) axon terminals. 3. C) collaterals. 4. D) axon hillock. 5. E) synapse. Answer: B Section: Cells of the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.3 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 19) The term axonal transport refers to 1. A) the release of neurotransmitter molecules from the axon. 2. B) the transport of microtubules to the axon for structural support. 3. C) vesicle transport of proteins and organelles down the axon. 4. D) the movement of the axon terminal to synapse with a new postsynaptic cell. 5. E) None of the answers are correct. Answer: C Section: Cells of the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 20) Anterograde and retrograde axonal transport are forms of ________ transport. 1. A) fast 2. B) slow 3. C) Neither of these. Answer: A Section: Cells of the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 21) Clusters of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system are called 1. A) microglia. 2. B) neuroglia. 3. C) glia. 4. D) ganglia. 5. E) nodes. Answer: D Section: Organization of the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 22) Glial cells 1. A) only provide structural and metabolic support. 2. B) only guide neurons during growth and repair. 3. C) only help maintain homeostasis of the brain’s extracellular fluid. 4. D) provide structural and metabolic support and help maintain homeostasis of the brain’s extracellular fluid. 5. E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: E Section: Cells of the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 23) Glial cells communicate primarily using 1. A) electrical signals only. 2. B) chemical signals only. 3. C) neurotransmitters only. 4. D) neuromodulators only. 5. E) electrical signals and chemical signals. Answer: B Section: Cells of the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 24) Myelin is formed by 1. A) axons only. 2. B) Schwann cells only. 3. C) oligodendrocytes only. 4. D) Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes. Answer: D Section: Cells of the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 25) These glial cells act as scavengers. 1. A) Schwann cells 2. B) astrocytes 3. C) microglia 4. D) oligodendrocytes 5. E) ependymal cells Answer: C Section: Cells of the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 26) These glial cells may contribute to Lou Gehrig’s disease. 1. A) Schwann cells 2. B) astrocytes 3. C) microglia 4. D) oligodendrocytes 5. E) ependymal cells Answer: C Section: Cells of the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 27) The Nernst equation predicts 1. A) intracellular ion concentrations. 2. B) extracellular ion concentrations. 3. C) the membrane potential resulting from all permeable ions. 4. D) the membrane potential resulting from permeability to a single ion. 5. E) the threshold membrane potential. Answer: D Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons Learning Outcome: 8.5 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension 28) Which is the correctly written Nernst equation? 1. A) 61/z × log [ion]out/ [ion]in 2. B) 61/z × log [ion]in/ [ion]out 3. C) log 61/z × [ion]in/ [ion]out 4. D) log 61/z × [ion]out/ [ion]in Answer: A Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons Learning Outcome: 8.5 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension 29) What does the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation take into account that the Nernst equation does NOT? 1. A) the electrical charges of the ions 2. B) the permeabilities of the ions 3. C) the solubilities of the ions 4. D) the sizes of the ions 5. E) the temperature Answer: B Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons Learning Outcome: 8.5 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 30) The resting membrane potential results from 1. A) uneven distribution of ions across the cell membrane only. 2. B) differences in membrane permeability to Na+and K+ 3. C) activity of the sodium/potassium pump only. 4. D) uneven distribution of ions across the cell membrane and differences in membrane permeability to Na+and K+. 5. E) None of the answers are correct. Answer: D Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons Learning Outcome: 8.5 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 31) Which ion(s) is/are higher in concentration inside the cell compared to outside? 1. A) potassium 2. B) sodium 3. C) chloride 4. D) calcium 5. E) More than one of the answers is correct. Answer: A Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons Learning Outcome: 8.5 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 32) The channelopathy known as QT syndrome is a result of mutation in ________ channels. 1. A) sodium 2. B) potassium 3. C) calcium 4. D) chloride 5. E) sodium, potassium, or calcium Answer: E Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons Learning Outcome: 8.6 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 33) Ion channel inactivation is 1. A) closing of the channel in response to decrease in the stimulus. 2. B) closing of the channel even when the stimulus continues. 3. C) any type of channel closing. 4. D) None of the answers are correct. Answer: B Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons Learning Outcome: 8.8 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 34) The total amount of neurotransmitter released at the axon terminal is directly related to 1. A) the amplitude of the action potential. 2. B) the length of the axon. 3. C) the total number of action potentials. 4. D) the amplitude of the graded potential. Answer: C Section: Cell-to-Cell Communication in the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.11 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension 35) Which of the following is the most common location where action potentials originate? 1. A) dendrites 2. B) cell body 3. C) axon hillock 4. D) synaptic cleft 5. E) synaptic bouton Answer: C Section: Cells of the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 36) The rising phase of the action potential is due to 1. A) Na+flow into the cell only. 2. B) Na+flow out of the cell only. 3. C) K+flow out of the cell only. 4. D) K+flow into the cell only. 5. E) Na+flow out of the cell and K+flow into the cell. Answer: A Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons Learning Outcome: 8.8 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 37) The falling phase of the action potential is due primarily to 1. A) Na+flow in the cell only. 2. B) Na+flow out of the cell only. 3. C) K+flow out of the cell only. 4. D) K+flow into the cell only. 5. E) Na+flow out of the cell and K+flow into the cell. Answer: C Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons Learning Outcome: 8.8 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 38) The point during an action potential when the inside of the cell has become more positive than the outside is known as the 1. A) depolarization. 2. B) rising phase. 3. C) falling phase. 4. D) overshoot. 5. E) peak. Answer: D Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons Learning Outcome: 8.8 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 39) Choose all of the items that are incorrectly matched. 1. A) inactivation gate — closed at rest 2. B) activation gate — open at rest 3. C) inactivation gate — closed during repolarization 4. D) activation gate — opens during depolarization 5. E) All of the answers are incorrectly matched. Answer: D Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons Learning Outcome: 8.8 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 40) The absolute refractory period of an action potential 1. A) only ensures one-way travel down an axon. 2. B) only allows a neuron to ignore a second signal sent that closely follows the first. 3. C) only prevents summation of action potentials. 4. D) ensures one-way travel down an axon and allows a neuron to ignore a second signal sent that closely follows the first. 5. E) ensures one-way travel down an axon, allows a neuron to ignore a second signal sent that closely follows the first, and prevents summation of action potentials. Answer: E Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons Learning Outcome: 8.9 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension 41) In order to signal a stronger stimulus, action potentials become 1. A) higher in amplitude only. 2. B) more frequent only. 3. C) longer-lasting only. 4. D) higher in amplitude and more frequent. 5. E) higher in amplitude and longer-lasting. Answer: B Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons Learning Outcome: 8.8 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension 42) All of the following must occur before a second action potential can begin, EXCEPT 1. A) the Na+and K+ions that moved in/out of the cell must move back to their original compartments. 2. B) the Na+inactivation gate must open and the Na+activation gate must close. 3. C) the absolute refractory period must occur. 4. D) the Na+and K+ions that moved in/out of the cell must move back to their original compartments; the Na+ inactivation gate must open; and the Na+ activation gate must close. 5. E) None of the answers are correct. Answer: A Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons Learning Outcome: 8.9 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension 43) Voltage-regulated channels are located 1. A) within the cytosol only. 2. B) in the membranes of dendrites only. 3. C) in the membranes of axons only. 4. D) on the neuron cell body only. 5. E) in the membranes of dendrites, in the membranes of axons, and on the neuron cell body. Answer: E Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons Learning Outcome: 8.8 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 44) The sodium-potassium exchange pump 1. A) must re-establish ion concentrations after each action potential. 2. B) transports sodium ions into the cell during depolarization. 3. C) transports potassium ions out of the cell during repolarization. 4. D) moves sodium and potassium in the direction of their chemical gradients. 5. E) requires ATP to function. Answer: E Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons Learning Outcome: 8.8 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension 45) The all-or-none principle states that 1. A) all stimuli will produce identical action potentials. 2. B) all stimuli great enough to bring the membrane to threshold will produce action potentials of identical magnitude. 3. C) the greater the magnitude of the stimuli, the greater the intensity of the action potential. 4. D) only sensory stimuli can activate action potentials. 5. E) only motor stimuli can activate action potentials. Answer: B Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons Learning Outcome: 8.8 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 46) When voltage-gated Na+ channels of a resting neuron open,