Test Bank For Abnormal Psychology 11th Edition By Ronald Comer, Jonathan Comer

Test Bank For Abnormal Psychology 11th Edition By Ronald Comer, Jonathan Comer

Chapter 1: Abnormal Psychology: Past and Present Abnormal psychology: the scientific study of abnormal behavior in an effort to describe, predict, explain, and change abnormal patterns of functioning I. What is psychological abnormality? A. many definitions have been proposed but none have won total acceptance B. 4 D’s 1. Deviance a. Abnormal behavior, thoughts and emotions that differ markedly from a society’s ideas about proper functioning b. Different societies have different values, and the values of a single society can change over time so deviance depends on the time and place 2. Distress a. Some people willfully do deviant activities and enjoy them b. Therefore in order to be considered abnormal, there must also be a certain level of distress always present from these activities 3. Dysfunction a. Interferes with daily functioning to the point where it upsets, distracts, or confuses people so that they cannot care for themselves, work, or participate in social interactions b. Dysfunction alone doesn’t classify an abnormality because some people choose to deprive themselves of things they need to take a stand on an issue 4. Danger a. Individuals that display careless, hostile, or confused behavior may be dangerous to themselves and others b. Most people with anxiety, depression, or bizarre thinking pose no immediate danger C. Elusive nature of abnormality 1. Thomas Szasz found the concept of mental illness to be a myth; “problems in living” rather than something being wrong with a person 2. Some behaviors may be familiar but still abnormal or conversely, eccentric but not so far as being abnormal D. Agreed-upon definition of psychological abnormalities: patterns of functioning that are deviant, distressful, dysfunctional, and sometimes dangerous II. Treatment A. a procedure designed to change abnormal behavior B. 3 features of therapy 1. a sufferer who seeks relief from the healer lOMoARcPSD|14985576 2. a trained healer whose expertise is accepted by the sufferer 3. a series of contacts between the healer and sufferer through which the healer tries to produce certain changes in the sufferer’s emotional state, attitudes, and behaviors III. How was abnormality viewed and treated in the past? A. 30% of adults and 19% of children/adolescents each year need clinical treatment B. Every society has witnessed psychological abnormality 1. Ancient views and treatments a. Abnormal behavior is the work of evil spirits b. Cure is to force demons from victim’s bodies (exorcism) c. Trephination: an operation in which a stone instrument was used to cut away a circular section of the skull to treat abnormal behavior—might actually be for battle wounds 2. Greek & Roman views and treatments a. Hippocrates taught that illnesses had natural causes and abnormal behavior was caused from internal physical problems b. As treatment, Hippocrates sought to correct the underlying physical pathology 3. Europe in the middle ages: demonology returns a. Clergy had the power so they rejected science and focused on religious beliefs b. War, urban uprising, plagues, etc caused stress and anxiety leading to mental illness 4. The renaissance and the rise of asylums a. Flourishing cultural and scientific activity caused demonological views of abnormality to decline b. Humane treatment was on the rise where people would take care of others c. Asylums began with good intentions but then became prison-like with filthy conditions and cruel workers 5. 19th century: reform and moral treatment a. treatment began improving again; becoming more moral b. Benjamin Rush: “father of psychiatry;” developed humane approaches to treatment c. Dorothea Dix led campaigns for humane care and was the reason states developed state hospitals to offer moral treatment d. Moral treatment eventually declined due to money and staff shortages, declining recovery rates, and overcrowding in the hospitals 6. Early 20th century: somatogenic & psychogenic perspectives a. Somatogenic: abnormal psychological function has physical causes