PMHNP Board Exam Non-Pharmacological
Treatment
1. Most common issues for individual therapy: 1. losses
2. interpersonal conflicts
3. symptomatic presentations such as panic phobias, and negativity
4. Unfulfilled expectations at life transitions
5. Characterological issues such as narcissim or aggressiveness
2. Psychoanalytic therapy: 1. Originated by Freud
2. believed that behavior is determined by unconsious motivations and instincual drives .
3. promotes change by the development of greater insight and awareness of maladaptive defenses
4. attends to past developmental and psychodynamic factors which shape present behaviors.
3. Cognitive Therapy: 1. Originated by Beck
2. Purports that external events do not cause anxiety or maladaptive responses
3. States that a persons expectations, perceptions, and interpretations of events cause anxiety
4. allows clients to view relaity more clearly through an examination of their central distorted
cognitions
5. Goal is to change clients irrational beliefs, faulty conceptions and negative cognitive disortions
4. Behavioral Therapy: Originated by Lazarus
Focuses on changing maladaptive behaviors by participating in active behavioral techniques such
as exposure, relaxation, problem-solving, and role playing
5. Dialectical behavioral therapy: Originated by linehan commonly used with people with
borderline personality disorder
focuses on emotional regulation, tolerance for distress, self-management skills, interpersonal
effectiveness, and mindfulness, with an emphasis on treating thera- py-interfering bheaviours
6. Goals of dialectical behavioral therapy: Decrease suicidal behaviors decrease therapy
interfering behaviors
decrease emotional reactivity decrease sel-invalidation
decrease crisis-generalting behaviors decrease passivity
increase realistic decision making
increase accurate communication of emotions and competencies
7. Existential therapy: Originated by Fankl
a philosophical approach in which reflection on life and self-confrontation is en- couraged
emphasizes accepting freedom and making responsible choices
states that a basic dimension of humans includes finding meaning and purpose in lify
goals are to live authentically and to focus on the present and on personal responsibility
8. Humanistic therapy: Originated by rogers also known as person-centered therapy
concepts include self-directed growth and self-actualization; people are born with the capacity to
direct themselves toward self-actualization
each person has the potential to actualize and find meaning
9. Interpersonal therapy: originated by kierman and weissman
evidence-based therapy with focus on interpersonal issues that are creating distress
time limited, active, focused on the present and on interpersonal distress developed to treat aspects
of depression and is effective for adults and adolescents has been applied to treat interpersonal
distress related to other disorders including
bipolar, substance use and eating disorders
10. eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Originated by
Shapiro
A form of behavioral and exposure therapy
Involves the use of bilateral stimulation-moving the eyes back and forth, alternating tapping on
hand or knee or sounds in ears
most commonly used in post traumatic stress disorder goal is to achieve adaptive resolution
11. what is the desensitazation phase of EMDR: The client visualizes the trau- ma, vrbalizes the
negative thoughts or maladaptive beliefs, and remains attentive to physical sensations. This process
occurs for a limited time while the clit maintains rhythmic eye movements. He or she is then to
verbalize what he or she is thinking, feeling, or imagining
12. What is the installation phase of EMDR: The client installs and increases the strength of the
positive thought that he or she has declared as a replacement of the original negative thought
13. What is body scan in EMDR: the client visualizes the trauma along with positive thought
and then scans his or her body mentally to identify and tension within.
14. What are the benefits of group therapy: increases insight about oneself increases social
skills
is cost-effective
develops sense of community
15. Who was the first person to put a theoretical perspective in group work-
: Irvin Yalom
16. What is the 10 therapeutic factors that differentiate group therapy from individual
therapy: 1. instillation of hope
2. universality
3. altruism
4. increased development of socialization skills
5. imitative behaviors
6. interpersoanl learning
7. group cohesiveness
8. catharsis
9. existential factors
10 corrective refocusing
17. instilation of hope: participants develop hope for creating a different life. members are at
different levels of grouth; thus, they gain hope from others that change is possible.
18. universality: members discover that others have similar problems, thoughts, or feelings and
that they are not alone
19. altruism: This results from sharing oneself with another and helping another
20. Increased development of socialization skills: New social sills are learned and maladaptive
social behaviors are corrected. the group can provide a natural laboratory
21. Imitative behaviors: participants are able to increase their skills by imitating the behaviors
of others
22. interpersonal learning: interacting with others increases adaptive interper- soanl
relationships