A child is admitted to the hospital for whooping cough. The plan of care indicates that
the nurse should assess the patient for signs of airway obstruction. For which signs will
the nurse assess the child?
Cyanosis
Skin pallor
Apprehension in the child
Increased temperature
Increased restlessness
Whooping cough is a respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis. Airway
obstruction can occur due to the infection. Therefore, nurses are instructed to assess for
signs of airway obstruction, including cyanosis, apprehension, and increased
restlessness. The nurse should immediately report any of these signs. Pallor is seen in
cases of shock, and an increased temperature indicates infection, not airway
obstruction.
p. 167
By what is sexual development during preschool years formed?
Strong attachments to the samesex friends
Strong attachments to the oppositesex friends
Strong attachment to the samesex parent and identification with the oppositesex
parent
Strong attachment to the oppositesex parent and identification with the samesex
parent
Sexual development during the preschool years is formed by a strong attachment to the
oppositesex parent and identification with the samesex parent. Strong attachments to
oppositesex or samesex friends are not characteristic of sexual development during
the preschool years. Strong attachment to the samesex parent tends to occur in the
toddler and infant years.
STUDY TIP: Develop a realistic plan of study. Do not set rigid, unrealistic goals.
p. 382
According to Freud, middle childhood is associated with an increase in relationships
with:
Older children
Samesex peers
Younger children
Oppositesex peers
According to Freud, middle childhood is associated with an increase in relationships
with samesex peers. The incidence of oppositesex peer relationships increases during
the adolescent years. Relationships with younger children are not common during
middle childhood; nor are relationships with older children.
p. 430
Strict isolation is required for a child who is hospitalized with which infectious disease?
Mumps
Chickenpox
Exanthema subitum (roseola)
Erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease)
Chickenpox is communicable through direct contact, droplet spread, and contaminated
objects. The child hospitalized for chickenpox should therefore be strictly isolated.
Mumps is transmitted by way of direct contact with saliva of an infected person and is
most communicable before the onset of swelling. The transmission and cause of
exanthema subitum (roseola) are unknown. Erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease) is
communicable before the onset of symptoms.
p. 163
A nurse is caring for a macrosomic child with impaired feeding ability. How does the
nurse provide nutrition to the child?
By bottle feeding
By gavage feeding
By intravenous infusion
By nonnutritive sucking
Macrosomia is most commonly seen in infants of diabetic mothers. These infants are
highly prone to hypoglycemic conditions due to impaired beta cell activity. This leads to
the development of congenital hyperinulinism, which may lead to hypoglycemia. Such
infants have several birth complications and have reduced sucking reflex. Intravenous
infusions are the preferred choice for providing nutrition for macrosomic infants who
have impaired sucking abilities. Bottle feeding is practiced in infants with mild defective
sucking reflex. Gavage feeding, practiced in infants with reduced sucking reflex, is not
applicable in macrosomic newborns. Nonnutritive sucking is used for stimulating
sucking reflex in gavage feeding.
STUDY TIP: Focus your study time on the common health problems that nurses most
frequently encounter.
p. 283
A preschooler is admitted for treatment of acetylsalicylic acid poisoning. The nurse is
ordered to administer activated charcoal to the patient. However, the preschooler
refuses to take the activated charcoal slurry because of its black, muddy color. What is
the most appropriate nursing action in this situation?
Administer amyl nitrate to treat the poisoning.
Avoid administering activated charcoal slurry.
Serve the slurry in an opaque container with a cover.
Mix activated charcoal with cola instead of water.
The child refuses to take activated charcoal slurry because of its black, muddy color;
therefore, the nurse should serve the slurry in an opaque container with a cover. This
would help the child drink it more easily. Amyl nitrate should not be administered to the
child because it is not an antidote for acetylsalicylic acid poisoning; it is an antidote for
cyanide. Activated charcoal forms a complex and prevents the further absorption of
acetylsalicylic acid. Therefore, it should not be avoided. The child refuses to take
activated charcoal slurry due to its black mud color, not because of its taste. Therefore,
mixing it with cola may not be helpful.
TestTaking Tip: Once you have decided on an answer, look at the stem again. Does
your choice answer the question that was asked? If the question stem asks "why," be
sure the response you have chosen is a reason. If the question stem is singular, then be
sure the option is singular, and the same for plural stems and plural responses. Many
times, checking to make sure that the choice makes sense in relation to the stem will
reveal the correct answer.